Landscape Design, Installation, and Equipment Curriculum (LDIE)

• Identify general hazards in shop and outdoor site settings. 

• Describe safe behaviors in shared workspaces. 

• Explain proper cleanup and tool storage procedures. 

• 100% on written safety test 

• Identify required PPE (gloves, safety glasses, hearing protection, boots). 

• Demonstrate safe dressing for work (no loose clothing, proper footwear). 

• Identify fire extinguisher types, eyewash stations, and first aid kit locations. 

• 100% on written safety test 

• Understand basic risks of hand tools and introductory portable power tools. 

• Identify the correct purpose and associated hazards for each tool before use.  

• Demonstrate safe handling, storage, and transport of tools. 

• Perform a safety inspection on tools before use.  

• 100% on written safety test 

• Skills needed
• Current job trends
• Career Opportunities

• Research job opportunities in LDIE
• Identify job requirements for entry-level employment in landscaping

9.2.2 Employability Skills (CTECS VoG)

• Readiness
• Importance of employability skills
• Reliability

• Explain the importance of shop rules
• Demonstrate Professionalism
  • Dress code
  • Readiness
  • Hygiene

9.3.1 Measuring Tools and Units

• Identify standard tools for measuring length and angles. 

• Convert between inches, feet, yards, and metric equivalents. 

• Demonstrate accurate measurements using tapes, rulers, and levels. 

9.3.2 Introduction to Area & Perimeter 

• Calculate perimeter of simple shapes: square, rectangle, triangle. 

• Calculate area for turf, mulch, or stone coverage needs. 

• Solve basic layout problems using shape dimensions. 

9.4.1 Hand Sketching and Visual Communication

• Identify common drawing tools and demonstrate their use. 

• Create freehand sketches of landscape concepts. 

• Label design sketches using basic symbols and terminology. 

9.4.2 Types of Views and Scale

• Differentiate between plan, elevation, and section views. 

• Create drawings using each view type to represent a landscape. 

• Convert measurements and apply appropriate drawing scales. 

9.4.3 Symbols, Line Types, and Notation

• Identify and correctly use standard landscape drawing symbols. 

• Interpret legend keys and drawing notation in sample plans. 

• Apply line types (e.g., hidden, center, object) in sketches. 

9.5.1 Basic Site Grading Principles

• Define grade, slope, and drainage. 

• Calculate slope ratios and percentage grades from field data. 

• Use slope stakes or laser levels to identify and set elevation changes. 

9.5.2 Site Layout Tools and Techniques 

• Demonstrate use of tape measures, strings, batter boards, and levels. 

• Layout features using the 3-4-5 triangle method and other squaring techniques. 

• Transfer blueprint dimensions to physical site layout. 

9.6.1 Introduction to Plant Biology

• Identify major parts of a plant and describe their functions. 

• Create labeled diagrams of plant structures. 

• Explain how plant parts work together to support growth. 

9.6.2 Plant Identification & Classification

• Identify common landscape plants (shrubs, trees, herbaceous). 

• Classify plants by key characteristics (deciduous vs. evergreen, annual vs. perennial). 

• Describe basic principles of plant taxonomy. 

• Describe stages of plant growth (germination, maturity, reproduction). 

• Identify environmental factors that influence plant development. 

• Demonstrate propagation techniques: seeding, cutting, grafting. 

• Demonstrate proper planting depth and spacing techniques. 

• Apply basic mulching and watering methods. 

• Identify signs of pests and diseases. 

• Use safe and effective pruning tools and techniques. 

• Develop a basic care plan for a selected plant. 

9.7.1  Overview of Hardscaping

• Define the term hardscaping and distinguish it from greenscaping. 

• Explain the purpose and importance of hardscapes in landscape design. 

• Identify common types of hardscapes (e.g., patios, walkways, retaining walls). 

• Recognize the value of aesthetics, function, and durability in hardscape features. 

9.7.2 Hardscape Materials

• Identify key hardscape materials (e.g., stone, brick, pavers, wood, concrete). 

• Compare materials based on properties such as durability, permeability, cost, and environmental impact. 

• Evaluate advantages and limitations of various materials for different site conditions. 

• Describe basic treatment or maintenance considerations for each material type (e.g., wood preservation, sealing concrete). 

• Identify and describe common tools used in basic hardscaping. 

• Explain and demonstrate general safety procedures when working with tools and materials. 

• Match appropriate tools to specific materials and tasks (e.g., cutting pavers vs. mixing concrete). 

• Understand the importance of PPE (personal protective equipment) and situational awareness. 

• Describe the basic steps in preparing a site for hardscape installation (e.g., clearing, compacting, leveling).
   

• Demonstrate proper layout techniques using simple measuring and marking tools. 

• Identify the layers of a typical hardscape base (subbase, base material, setting bed). 

• Recognize the purpose of edge restraints and joint materials (e.g., joint sand, landscape edging). 

• Practice basic placement of materials.  

9.8.1 Professionalism and Employability 

• Identify work-ready skills that reflect professionalism on a jobsite or in a workshop. 

• Describe how attributes of the CTECS Vision of a Graduate relate to the construction industry.   

• Demonstrate respectful behavior, effective communication, social skills, and work readiness while working in team and individual settings. 

• Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to complete tasks and resolve challenges in a professional setting. 

9.8.2 Technical Skills

• Apply core landscaping skills including:  
  • Measuring and layout   
  • Tool selection and use 
  • Plant and turf installation and maintenance  
  • Hardscape installation techniques 
  • Basic small engine inspection, maintenance, and repair 
• Demonstrate safe and appropriate practices related to:  
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and environmental awareness 
  • Operation and maintenance of landscape equipment 
  • Proper lifting, loading, and handling techniques 
  • Safe use of hand and power tools for outdoor work 
• Evaluate quality of work based on project specifications and industry standards.  
• Follow organized processes to complete tasks efficiently and accurately. 

9.8.3  Portfolio and Reflection

• Identify key components of a professional portfolio (e.g., photos, checklists, reflections, resume artifacts).  

• Upload documentation and evidence of proficiency for each project completed.  

• Update personal competency checklist to reflect current skill levels and progress.  

• Reflect on personal growth in both technical and employability skills. 

• Hazard Awareness 
• PPE 
• SDS 
• Fire Safety 

• Reinforce PPE, behavior, and emergency procedures. 

• Apply safety protocols to new shop tools and environments. 

• 100% on written safety test 

• Identify hazards associated with saws, sanders, and planers. 

• Perform visual/tool safety inspections (blades, cords, guards). 

• Demonstrate safe procedures for common tools. 

• 100% on written safety test 

• Recognize risks from sun, cold, insects, and ground conditions. 

• Introduce visibility clothing for roadside or site work. 

• 100% on written safety test 

• Circular saws 

• Reciprocating saws 

• Impact drivers 

• Angle grinders 

• Rotary hammers 

• Drills 

• Demolition Saw 

• Concrete/Tile Saw 

• Paddle mixers 

• Identify and describe the purpose of each tool. 

• Match tools to common jobsite tasks (e.g., cutting, mixing, fastening). 

• Identify basic parts and accessories of each tool (e.g., blades, bits, guards). 

• Demonstrate proper PPE use when operating tools. 

• Perform pre-use inspections and identify unsafe tool conditions. 

• Explain and demonstrate correct grip, stance, and cutting position. 

• Pass safety quizzes or demonstrations with 100% accuracy 

10.2.3 Introduction to Greenscape Tools

• Identify and operate basic tools used to maintain greenscapes.   

• Demonstrate proper startup, operation, and shutdown of each tool. 

• Perform basic maintenance: cleaning, string replacement, and safe storage.

10.3.1 Applied Geometry and Unit Conversions 

• Demonstrate conversion between standard and metric units. 

• Calculate area, volume, and slope using appropriate formulas. 

• Apply measurements to determine material needs for turf, mulch, and hardscape. 

10.3.2 Landscape Estimation Basics

• Estimate mulch, soil, and stone needed using volume calculations. 

• Apply spacing formulas for plant installation. 

• Calculate paver and retaining wall materials based on layout dimensions. 

• Identify and use appropriate measuring tools (e.g., tape measure, laser level, transit). 

• Select tools based on precision required for layout or estimation. 

• Perform accurate measurements using slope meters, rulers, and measuring wheels. 

10.4.1 Hardscape Blueprint Symbols, Lines, and Layout

• Identify blueprint symbols specific to patios, walls, and walkways. 

• Interpret layout diagrams showing dimensions, grades, and footing details. 

• Apply line types (e.g., object, hidden, dimension) to hardscape plans. 

• Use architectural scale to develop and interpret site plans. 

• Draw plan, elevation, and cross-section views of hardscape elements. 

• Convert between measurement units for material calculations. 

• Design patio, walkway, and retaining wall layouts to scale. 

• Label slope direction, drainage points, and elevation changes. 

• Annotate materials, layout patterns, and construction notes on plans. 

• Recognize common zoning codes and accessibility requirements affecting layout and grading. 

• Explain how regulations such as ADA compliance or setback rules affect design choices. 

• Identify key elements of erosion control and stormwater management in site planning. 

• Explain the importance of aligning site design with legal and environmental requirements. 

10.5.1 Introduction to Surveying 

• Explain the purpose and importance of surveying in landscaping and construction. 

• Analyze the historical development and evolution of surveying tools and methods. 

• Identify and describe common types of surveys (land, construction, topographic, boundary). 

• Demonstrate the proper setup and use of surveying equipment such as levels and tripods. 

10.5.2 Map Reading, Interpretation, and Technology  

• Read and interpret topographic maps and contour lines. 

• Explain the use of coordinate systems and map scales in site layout. 

• Describe basic use of surveying technology, including theodolites, laser levels, and GPS/GNSS devices. 

• Interpret elevation data and slope direction for site analysis. 

10.5.3 Land Records and Legal Aspects

• Identify components of land records such as deeds, easements, and zoning maps. 

• Analyze the Public Land Survey System (PLSS) and how it defines land ownership. 

• Interpret legal descriptions of land parcels and boundaries. 

• Examine local codes, regulations, and permits related to surveying and layout. 

• Explain the importance of grading in site preparation and water management. 

• Identify grading symbols and contours on site plans. 

• Calculate slope and elevation changes using site data. 

• Describe how grading supports landscape function and aesthetics. 

• Develop basic grading plans that incorporate slope, drainage, and site access. 

• Explain drainage techniques and erosion control methods in construction. 

• Design layouts for driveways, roads, and infrastructure based on topography. 

• Interpret and use calculations to lay out site features accurately. 

10.6.1 Growth Processes

• Explain seed germination, dormancy, and pollination. 

• Identify pollinator-friendly plant species. 

• Differentiate between deciduous and evergreen species based on seasonal characteristics 

• Analyze the importance of growth stages in seasonal care. 

10.6.2  Pest & Disease Management 

• Identify common pests and plant diseases. 

• Describe symptoms and signs of common plant health issues. 

• Compare biological and chemical control methods. 

• Develop and present an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) plan. 

10.6.3 Advanced Maintenance Techniques  

• Diagnose plant health issues using visual and physical clues. 

• Demonstrate proper use of pruning tools and safety practices. 

• Recognize signs of species-specific plant stress, pest susceptibility, or pruning needs based on plant type 

• Apply shaping and topiary methods for aesthetic purposes. 

• Perform thinning and raising techniques on selected plants. 

• Identify key maintenance tasks for spring, summer, fall, and winter. 

• Explain the importance of timing in pruning, fertilizing, and planting. 

• Develop a seasonal calendar and task checklist. 

• Identify key components of a basic aquaponic system. 

• Explain the role of plants, fish, and bacteria in nutrient cycling. 

• Construct a small-scale aquaponics model. 

10.7.1 Hardscape Materials and Construction 

• Identify common hardscape materials and their purposes (stone, pavers, concrete, wood) 

• Describe the functions of hardscape components (SRW blocks, capstones, drainage aggregate, geogrid) 

• Compare decorative and structural hardscape applications 

• Select appropriate materials for varied site needs 

10.7.2 Paver Installation Techniques 

• Use a transit laser to set consistent grade and elevation 

• Use a saw to make accurate, clean paver cuts 

• Demonstrate common laying patterns (e.g., running bond, herringbone) 

• Follow industry standards to perform a complete paver installation, including proper spacing, alignment, edge restraint, and compaction 

• Lay SRW blocks in level, staggered courses with correct batter 

• Backfill in lifts using drainage stone and filter fabric 

• Install geogrid at correct elevations and depths based on design requirements 

10.7.4 Wooden Structures 

• Decks 

• Pergolas 

• Privacy Screens 

• Fences 

• Identify key components of wood-framed structures (posts, beams, joists, ledger boards, anchors) 

• Read simple construction diagrams for wood structures 

• Install footings or anchoring systems according to plan 

• Build basic wood structures such as small decks, pergolas, or fences using proper fasteners and framing techniques 

• Apply finishing treatments (e.g., sealants, stains) appropriate to outdoor wood construction 

10.7.5 Landscape Maintenance  

• Hardscape maintenance 

• Seasonal care/preservation 

• Troubleshooting hardscape issues 

• Analyze proper maintenance techniques for hardscape elements 

• Discover seasonal care and preservation 

• Diagnose common hardscape issues 

• Differentiate between common soil types (clay, sand, silt, loam) and their properties. 

• Perform basic soil testing to assess drainage and compaction needs. 

• Prepare soil for hardscape installation using appropriate methods such as excavation, subgrade preparation, and compaction. 

• Identify signs of poor subsoil conditions and recommend corrective actions. 

• Explain the role of grading in preventing water pooling and structural damage. 

• Use slope and elevation measurements to establish correct pitch for patios, walkways, and retaining walls. 

• Apply industry-recommended grading tolerances to ensure proper runoff direction. 

• Set up and use leveling tools (e.g., string line, laser level) to establish grade. 

• Identify different types of drainage systems (e.g., French drains, swales, perforated pipe). 

• Match appropriate drainage systems to site conditions. 

• Install basic drainage components such as drain tile, catch basins, and filter fabric. 

• Integrate drainage systems into hardscape designs without compromising aesthetics. 

• Describe sustainable drainage practices such as rain gardens and permeable pavers. 

• Explain how native plants and proper grading reduce runoff and soil degradation. 

• Troubleshoot common drainage issues (e.g., standing water, erosion) and propose solutions. 

• Recommend environmentally friendly products and practices for soil and water management. 

• Describe the development of small engines historically 

• Compare and contrast two-stoke vs four-stroke engines 

• Identify all the necessary components 

• Analyze component functions 

• Identify proper PPE for small engine repair 

• Receive 100% on the safety test 

• Create a fuel safety and chemical safety plan 

• Conduct basic maintenance on mock small engines 

• Diagnose engine issues around: 

• Air filter 

• Spark plugs 

• Compare and contrast, no start, poor performance, and overheating 

• Troubleshoot basic issues with small engines 

• Complete diagnostic testing on compression, spark, and fuel checks

• Identify work-ready skills that reflect professionalism on a jobsite or in a workshop. 

• Describe how attributes of the CTECS Vision of a Graduate relate to the construction industry.   

• Demonstrate respectful behavior, effective communication, social skills, and work readiness while working in team and individual settings. 

• Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to complete tasks and resolve challenges in a professional setting. 

• Apply core landscaping skills including:  

  • Measuring and layout   

  • Tool selection and use 

  • Plant and turf installation and maintenance  

  • Hardscape installation techniques 

  • Basic small engine inspection, maintenance, and repair 

• Demonstrate safe and appropriate practices related to:  

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and environmental awareness 

  • Operation and maintenance of landscape equipment 

  • Proper lifting, loading, and handling techniques 

  • Safe use of hand and power tools for outdoor work 

• Evaluate quality of work based on project specifications and industry standards.  

• Follow organized processes to complete tasks efficiently and accurately. 

10.10.3 Layout

• Identify key components of a professional portfolio (e.g., photos, checklists, reflections, resume artifacts).  

• Upload documentation and evidence of proficiency for each project completed.  

• Update personal competency checklist to reflect current skill levels and progress.  

• Reflect on personal growth in both technical and employability skills. 

11.1.1 Review of Core Safety Principles 

• Hand tools,  

• Personal Safety 

• Job-Site Safety 

• SDS 

• Other 

• Recall safety expectations from prior years, including PPE, safe behavior, and hazard awareness. 

• Explain the importance of annual safety retraining and continuous adherence to core safety rules. 

• Demonstrate safe habits during daily shop and field routines. 

• Score 100% on the written safety test.  

11.1.2  Landscape PPE and Hazard Awareness

• Identify required PPE for outdoor power equipment, including chaps, gloves, face shields, and hearing protection. 

• Describe the purpose of each PPE item in reducing injury risk. 

• Recognize common outdoor hazards such as uneven terrain, overhead branches, or tripping risks. 

• Score 100% on the written safety test. 

• List common fuels and chemicals used in landscape equipment. 

• Demonstrate safe procedures for transporting, storing, and refueling with gasoline and mixed fuel. 

• Explain how to respond to spills and safely handle chemicals such as oil, lubricants, and fertilizer. 

11.1.4 Outdoor Power Equipment Safety

• Inspect gas-powered tools (e.g., mowers, chainsaws, hedge trimmers) for safety before use. 

• Operate each tool using correct starting procedures, body positioning, and grip. 

• Explain how improper use can cause specific hazards (kickback, flying debris, etc.). 

11.1.5 Equipment Maintenance and Safety Checks 

• Perform routine maintenance on outdoor tools (sharpen blades, clean filters, tighten guards). 

• Document pre-use and post-use safety checks in a log or checklist. 

• Identify signs of tool malfunction and report unsafe conditions. 

11.2.1 Equipment Identification and Operation 

• Push and riding mowers 

• Chainsaws 

• Hedge trimmers 

• String trimmers (gas or battery-powered) 

• Leaf blowers 

• Identify the purpose and features of: 

• Demonstrate correct startup, operation, and shutdown procedures. 

• Match each tool to its best use case in landscape tasks. 

11.2.2 Safety Practices and Pre-Operation Checks

• Perform pre-use inspections (fuel, oil, blades, cords, loose parts). 

• Identify PPE specific to each tool (e.g., chainsaw chaps, hearing protection). 

• Pass tool-specific safety tests. 

• Demonstrate safe handling, including proper posture, grip, and awareness of surroundings 

• Sharpen mower and trimmer blades using appropriate techniques. 

• Clean and replace air filters and spark plugs. 

• Inspect and refill oil/fuel (as applicable). 

• Wind trimmer line properly. 

• Safely store tools in accordance with manufacturer guidelines. 

11.2.4 Troubleshooting and Field Repairs

• Diagnose issues such as no-start conditions, engine sputtering, or overheating. 

• Perform minor repairs: replacing trimmer line, changing spark plugs, clearing clogs, or adjusting carburetors (basic). 

• Document maintenance and troubleshooting steps in a log or checklist.

11.3.1 Hardscape Estimation and Takeoffs

• Calculate material needs for paver areas, concrete pours, and retaining walls. 

• Estimate reinforcement and drainage materials based on site conditions. 

• Interpret scaled drawings to extract real-world quantities and dimensions. 

11.3.2 Slope and Elevation Calculations

• Calculate changes in elevation using rise-over-run and percent slope. 

• Interpret and apply information from contour maps and site plans. 

• Use slope data to determine cut and fill volumes. 

11.4.1 Reading and Developing Planting Plans

• Identify blueprint symbols for trees, shrubs, perennials, and beds. 

• Interpret planting schedules and species keys. 

• Draw and label a basic planting plan using proper symbology and scale. 

11.4.2 Environmental and Site-Based Considerations

• Analyze site conditions for sunlight, soil, and drainage. 

• Adjust planting plans based on microclimates or access concerns. 

• Identify native and non-native species and their implications in design. 

• Calculate spacing based on plant maturity and root spread. 

• Layout bed edges and planting holes using blueprint references. 

• Use measuring and marking tools for field installation. 

• Design an integrated landscape using specified drawing techniques 

• Identify various landscape symbols and conventions 

• Create an entire greenscape blueprint (no hardscapes) 

11.5.1 Advanced Soil Science and Properties 

• Advanced soil composition 

• Horizon 

• Profile 

• Texture 

• Structure 

• pH 

• Nutrients 

• Moisture 

• Drainage 

• Identify soil composition and explain its importance to landscape planning 

• Compare and contrast various soil properties 

11.5.2 Advanced Soil Testing 

• Various soil testing techniques 

• Soil testing methods 

• Interpreting soil results 

• Utilize soil sampling techniques 

• Analyze soil testing methods 

• Interpret soil test results 

• Create a plan for remedying soil issues 

11.5.3 Plant Selection and Soil Compatibility 

• Plant soil preference 

• Soil amendments/improvements 

• Identify plant types and their soil preferences 

• Design a soil/plant plan for a mock client 

• Analyze soil testing results and apply it to a mock client 

11.5.4 Common Fasteners 

• Nails 
• Screws 
• Carriage bolts 
• Hangers 
• Adhesives 
• Other 

• Identify types, sizes, and uses of fasteners. 
• Select proper fasteners for materials and conditions. 
• Select proper adhesives for materials and conditions. 

11.6.1 Advanced Plant Structure and Function 

• Explain the role of cellular structures and organelles in plant processes. 

• Identify plant tissues and organs through observation and diagrams. 

• Diagram vascular and transport systems within plant anatomy. 

11.6.2 Photosynthesis & Respiration

• Create visual models to represent photosynthetic and respiration pathways. 

• Describe the process of cellular respiration and energy transfer in plants. 

• Analyze environmental variables affecting photosynthesis and respiration rates. 

11.6.3 Aquaponics as a System

• Identify nutrient and water cycling processes within a closed-loop aquaponic system. 

• Analyze ecological interactions within a self-contained plant and fish system. 

• Evaluate system performance and propose improvements to maintain plant health. 

• Identify common native and invasive trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants using field characteristics 

• Use dichotomous keys and mobile tools to accurately identify plant species 

• Compare plant species for landscape use based on soil, sun, and climate conditions 

• Select appropriate plant species for ecological balance and design goals 

11.7.1 Concrete Safety  

• Turfgrass Foundations

• Identify the purpose and benefits of turfgrass in landscaping. 

• Describe environmental impacts of turf use and management. 

• Explore career opportunities and certifications in turf management. 

11.7.2 Turfgrass Species and Establishment

• Identify common cool- and warm-season turfgrass species and their characteristics. 

• Match turf types to site and climate conditions. 

• Demonstrate turf establishment methods including seeding, sodding, and hydroseeding. 

• Explain the importance of soil preparation for healthy turf development. 

•  

• Demonstrate safe and proper use of turf maintenance equipment (mowers, edgers, trimmers). 

• Describe mowing techniques and patterns for healthy turf. 

• Plan edging, dethatching, aeration, and compaction relief strategies. 

• Perform basic maintenance and troubleshooting of turf equipment. 

• Review soil components including sand, silt, clay, and organic matter. 

• Conduct soil tests to evaluate pH, nutrient levels, and fertility needs. 

• Differentiate between organic and synthetic fertilizers and common soil amendments (e.g., lime, compost). 

• Calculate and apply appropriate fertilizer rates and application methods based on soil test results and turf needs. 

• Explain how overuse or misuse of fertilizers can affect turf health and the environment. 

• Identify environmentally responsible practices (e.g., organic care, water conservation). 

• Create a seasonal turf maintenance calendar aligned with best management practices (BMPs). 

• Develop a budget and record-keeping system to support turf operations. 

• Explain integrated pest and weed management strategies for long-term care. 

11.8.1 Advanced Weed Identification and Management

• Identify common weeds in landscaping 

• Analyze the weed life cycles and reproduction 

• Utilize weed control methods 

• Analyze organic weed management techniques 

• Explain the use of different types of Pesticides 

• Identify safety precautions needed when using pesticides 

• Demonstrate ability to use pesticide application equipment 

• Articulate the legal regulations on pesticide use 

11.8.3 Advanced Integrated Pest Management (IPM) 

• Identify the principles of IPM 

• Explain the process for monitoring and scouting for pests 

• Design a plan to help control biological methods 

• Create an IPM plan 

• Identify the environmental impact of pesticides 

• Describe the importance of sustainable landscaping practices 

• Construct an alternative pest control strategy plan 

11.9.1 Fuel System Diagnostics and Repair

• Demonstrate carburetor cleaning and adjustment to manufacturer specifications 

• Inspect fuel system components for clogs, leaks, or degradation 

• Diagnose common fuel delivery issues 

• Replace and test fuel filters for proper flow 

11.9.2 Ignition and Electrical System Repair

• Diagram how an ignition system works 

• Identify all the points in an ignition system 

• Perform battery maintenance, including charging and terminal cleaning 

• Safely disassemble a small engine and organize components for inspection 

• Identify wear or damage on pistons, cylinders, and valves 

• Adjust valve timing and clearance using appropriate tools and specs 

• Reassemble engine components to working condition following service manual guidance 

• Evaluate the environmental impact of small engine emissions and waste 

• Create a written plan for proper disposal of engine fluids and worn parts 

• Recommend sound-reduction techniques for various engine applications 

• Compare ethical decision-making practices related to repairs, reuse, and replacement 

11.10.1 Professionalism and Employability

• Identify work-ready skills that reflect professionalism on a jobsite or in a workshop. 

• Describe how attributes of the CTECS Vision of a Graduate relate to the construction industry.   

• Demonstrate respectful behavior, effective communication, social skills, and work readiness while working in team and individual settings. 

• Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to complete tasks and resolve challenges in a professional setting. 

11.10.2  Technical Skills

• Apply core landscaping skills including:  

  • Measuring and layout   

  • Tool selection and use 

  • Plant and turf installation and maintenance  

  • Hardscape installation techniques 

  • Basic small engine inspection, maintenance, and repair 

• Demonstrate safe and appropriate practices related to:  

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and environmental awareness 

  • Operation and maintenance of landscape equipment 

  • Proper lifting, loading, and handling techniques 

  • Safe use of hand and power tools for outdoor work 

• Evaluate quality of work based on project specifications and industry standards.  

• Follow organized processes to complete tasks efficiently and accurately. 

• Identify key components of a professional portfolio (e.g., photos, checklists, reflections, resume artifacts).  

• Upload documentation and evidence of proficiency for each project completed.  

• Update personal competency checklist to reflect current skill levels and progress.  

• Reflect on personal growth in both technical and employability skills. 

12.1.1 Review of Core Safety Principles 

• Hand Tools  

• Personal Safety 

• Job-site safety 

• SDS 

• Other

• Recall safety practices from previous years, including PPE, hazard recognition, and equipment operation basics. 

• Demonstrate proper daily safety habits during shop and field activities. 

• Explain why routine retraining is important when progressing to more complex tools and machinery. 

• Score 100% on the written safety test. 

12.1.2    Large Equipment Awareness and Field Protocol

• Identify safety hazards associated with working around skid steers, excavators, and trenchers. 

• Explain the importance of reflective gear, line-of-sight communication, and traffic/pedestrian awareness in active work zones. 

• Demonstrate safe positioning when assisting equipment operators or working near machines in motion. 

• Score 100% on the written safety test

• Perform daily inspections of heavy equipment and attachments, checking for wear, leaks, and function. 

• Respond appropriately to mechanical failures, including engine trouble, fluid leaks, or hydraulic failure. 

• Identify fire, tip-over, or pinch point hazards and demonstrate emergency stop procedures. 

12.1.4 CBYD: Utility Safety and Legal Compliance

• Describe the CBYD (Call Before You Dig) process and its importance in preventing underground utility damage. 

• Interpret utility markings and explain their color codes and meanings. 

• Explain the responsibilities of contractors and property owners regarding CBYD compliance. 

• Identify local and federal regulations tied to excavation work and summarize the potential legal and environmental consequences of non-compliance. 

• Complete the CBYD Online Course and apply learned procedures to simulated or real project planning scenarios.  

12.2.1 Equipment Identification and Function 

• Skid steer 

• Compact/mini excavator 

• Mini track loader 

• Bucket types and attachments (auger, forks, etc.) 

• Identify components and operational purpose of common pieces of large power equipment used in landscaping.  

• Match equipment to appropriate landscaping tasks (e.g., grading, trenching, material handling). 

12.2.2 Safety and Pre-Operation Inspections

• Perform daily walkaround inspections (fluid levels, tire/tracks, leaks, damage). 

• Identify safety features: ROPS, seatbelts, emergency shutoff, backup alarm. 

• Use proper PPE for equipment operation. 

• Review jobsite hazards: overhead wires, soft soil, slopes, and people. 

• Demonstrate proper mounting/dismounting and three-point contact. 

• Describe the steps to safely enter/exit the cab and adjust controls. 

• Maintain awareness of surroundings, signals, and communication protocols on site. 

12.3.1 Estimating, Bidding, and Budgeting

• Estimate total material costs using unit prices and quantity takeoffs. 

• Calculate labor estimates and apply overage factors to job proposals. 

• Determine equipment usage costs based on time, fuel, and rental or depreciation rates. 

• Develop an itemized bid or quote for a project using calculated values. 

12.3.2 Field Verification and Layout Adjustments

• Perform on-site measurements to confirm layout accuracy and design intent. 

• Identify discrepancies between site conditions and plans. 

• Adjust material estimates based on field changes or revisions. 

12.4.1 Integrated Construction Drawings

• Combine softscape and hardscape elements into one comprehensive plan. 

• Use appropriate line types, symbols, and annotations to differentiate components. 

• Apply zoning requirements, ADA standards, and set-back guidelines to design layouts. 

12.4.2 Irrigation and Drainage Systems

• Identify zones and layout strategies for irrigation systems. 

• Calculate water requirements for various zones based on plant needs and soil types. 

• Incorporate valves, backflow preventers, and drainage structures into blueprint drawings. 

• Identify types and purposes of landscape lighting (e.g., path, accent, security). 

• Layout circuits, timers, and low-voltage wiring plans in site drawings. 

• Evaluate and select other site elements such as benches, fences, mailboxes, or signage to a finalized plan set. 

12.5.1 Project Planning and Scope

• Identify key components of a landscape project proposal. 

• Define project goals and scope based on client expectations. 

• Develop a basic landscape project work plan. 

12.5.2   Scheduling and Workflow

• Create a task list and sequence of operations using planning tools (e.g., Gantt chart or calendar). 

• Estimate realistic timelines for major phases of a project. 

• Identify critical path tasks that influence completion dates. 

• Estimate material, equipment, and labor costs for a landscape project. 

• Calculate total project cost and identify potential overruns. 

• Adjust project plans to align with client budgets and priorities. 

• Develop a professional project presentation with visuals and/or sketches. 

• Explain project plan, timeline, and budget to a client or audience. 

• Respond to client questions and feedback in a professional manner. 

12.6.1 Fundamentals of Irrigation 

• Describe the purpose and benefits of irrigation systems in landscape design. 

• Identify types of irrigation systems (e.g., drip, spray, rotary). 

• Label and explain functions of system components (valves, heads, pipes, timers, etc.). 

12.6.2  Installation and Troubleshooting

• Demonstrate proper trenching, pipe laying, and head placement. 

• Use tools and materials for PVC and poly pipe systems. 

• Conduct system testing and basic troubleshooting (e.g., clogs, leaks, pressure issues). 

• Apply safety practices when using trenchers and digging near utilities.

• Explain Connecticut's J1/J2 licensing requirements and career pathways. 

• Describe state/local codes regarding irrigation installation and backflow prevention. 

• Identify water conservation laws and responsible irrigation practices. 

12.7.1  Plant Selection for Design 

• Evaluate plant choices based on sunlight, soil, and hardiness zones. 

• Select plants for function (e.g., screening, erosion control, aesthetics). 

• Match mature plant size to design requirements.

12.7.2 Production Planning

• Create propagation schedules based on project deadlines. 

• Track plant growth for readiness and optimal transplant timing. 

• Calculate quantity needs for large-scale installations.  

12.7.3 Greenhouse & Container Systems

• Operate and maintain greenhouse structures. 

• Monitor climate controls (temperature, humidity, light exposure). 

• Evaluate plant growth in containerized systems and adjust inputs. 

12.7.4 Professional Plant Selection and ID Tools

• Evaluate a plant palette for a full-site design, including softscape and functional elements 
   
• Use landscape software, plant databases, and/or supplier catalogs to match species with design criteria 
   
• Refine species selections based on sustainability, client preferences, and regulatory/environmental restrictions 

• Develop planting plans with species, spacing, and sequencing. 

• Estimate labor and materials for plant installations. 

• Document each phase using sketches, reports, and digital tools. 

12.8.1 Greenhouse Structures and Systems

• Identify components of a greenhouse structure (e.g., glazing, framing, benches). 

• Describe the functions of heating, cooling, ventilation, and irrigation systems. 

• Monitor and adjust temperature, humidity, and light to meet plant needs. 

• Explain the role of automation and sensors in climate control. 

12.8.2 Plant Propagation and Growing Techniques

• Demonstrate propagation techniques: seed starting, cuttings, and division. 

• Mix and handle growing media appropriate to different plant types. 

• Transplant seedlings and monitor early growth stages. 

• Identify common greenhouse crops (ornamental and edible). 

12.8.3 Maintenance, Sanitation, and Scheduling

• Develop and follow a greenhouse sanitation protocol to reduce pest/disease risks. 

• Maintain tools and equipment (e.g., misters, lights, heating units). 

• Create a basic greenhouse crop schedule (from propagation to market). 

• Track plant care routines using digital or paper-based logs. 

12.8.4 Sustainability and Commercial Applications

• Explain sustainable practices in greenhouse production (e.g., water reuse, organic inputs). 

• Explore career and entrepreneurial opportunities in greenhouse growing. 

• Identify local/regional markets for greenhouse products. 

• Describe energy efficiency strategies in greenhouse operations. 

12.9.1 Professionalism and Employability

• Identify work-ready skills that reflect professionalism on a jobsite or in a workshop. 

• Describe how attributes of the CTECS Vision of a Graduate relate to the construction industry.   

• Demonstrate respectful behavior, effective communication, social skills, and work readiness while working in team and individual settings. 

• Apply critical thinking and problem-solving skills to complete tasks and resolve challenges in a professional setting. 

12.9.2 Technical Skills

• Apply core landscaping skills including:  

  • Measuring and layout   

  • Tool selection and use 

  • Plant and turf installation and maintenance  

  • Hardscape installation techniques 

  • Basic small engine inspection, maintenance, and repair 

• Demonstrate safe and appropriate practices related to:  

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and environmental awareness 

  • Operation and maintenance of landscape equipment 

  • Proper lifting, loading, and handling techniques 

  • Safe use of hand and power tools for outdoor work 

• Evaluate quality of work based on project specifications and industry standards.  

• Follow organized processes to complete tasks efficiently and accurately. 

12.9.3 Portfolio and Reflection

• Identify key components of a professional portfolio (e.g., photos, checklists, reflections, resume artifacts).  

• Upload documentation and evidence of proficiency for each project completed.  

• Update personal competency checklist to reflect current skill levels and progress.  

• Reflect on personal growth in both technical and employability skills.